[ACCI-CAVIE] Although almost all the countries on the African continent have expressed their support for the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), progress towards effective integration has been very slow. This discrepancy between the commitments made and the reality on the ground raises a number of questions. What are the reasons for this? Here is a concrete analysis.
State of play of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)
Launched in March 2018 at an extraordinary summit of the African Union in Kigali, the AfCFTA is supposed to transform the continent’s trade landscape. Yet, despite formal advances, the integration process remains timid and is proceeding at a moderate pace.
From an institutional point of view, several steps have been taken, as recent data and the map below show. With the notable exception of Eritrea, all African countries have ratified the agreement. However, the practical implementation of the AfCFTA faces a number of obstacles that limit its effectiveness and scope.
Challenges to overcome
There are several reasons for this slow progress: Tariff and non-tariff barriers: Although the agreement aims to reduce these barriers, many countries continue to apply high tariffs and restrictive regulatory measures, complicating intra-African trade.
Inadequate infrastructure: The lack of adequate transport and logistics infrastructure hampers trade. Roads, ports and railways are often inadequate or poorly maintained, making it difficult for goods to transit.
Limited cooperation: Trade relations between African countries are still marked by historical rivalries and insufficient cooperation. This hinders the creation of regional value chains.
Lack of awareness: Many economic players are not fully aware of the benefits offered by the AfCFTA, which limits their commitment and active participation.
Political instability: In some countries, political crises or internal conflicts complicate the implementation of AfCFTA commitments.
Future prospects
To maximise the benefits of the AfCFTA and realise its full potential, it is crucial that Member States increase their commitment. This includes not only reducing trade barriers, but also developing appropriate infrastructure and strengthening regional cooperation.
Although the AfCFTA was conceived as a lever to boost trade and economic integration in Africa, concerted efforts are needed to turn promises into tangible results. The future of the continent’s economic integration will depend on the ability of countries to overcome the current challenges and work together proactively.
The editorial team